As we age, our bodies undergo various changes. Scientists have studied these changes and compiled a list of twelve key characteristics they call the “Hallmarks of Aging.” These characteristics help us understand what happens in our bodies as we grow older.
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Hallmarks of Aging
Here are the 12 Hallmarks of Aging:
1. Genomic Instability
Our DNA is constantly under attack from external and internal factors. Errors that occur can alter our genes and damage cells.
2. Telomere Shortening
Telomeres are like the plastic tips on shoelaces, but for our DNA. They get shorter as cells divide. When they become too short, the cell can no longer function properly.
3. Epigenetic Alterations
Imagine DNA as a cookbook and epigenetics as Post-it notes in the cookbook that dictate which recipes (genes) are used. These notes can change over time and affect how cells function.
4. Loss of Proteostasis
Proteins are like the workers in a cell. They need to be in the correct shape to do their job. Over time, proteins can misfold or become damaged, leading to problems.
5. Impaired Macroautophagy
Autophagy is like the cell’s recycling program that removes damaged parts. When it doesn’t function properly, broken parts can accumulate. Macroautophagy is currently the most studied form of autophagy in the human body.
6. Dysregulated Nutrient Sensing
Cells have an internal sensor that checks if enough nutrients are available. Over time, this sensor can function less effectively, leading to cell problems.
7. Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Mitochondria are like the batteries of cells. Over time, they can become less efficient, weakening the cell.
8. Cellular Senescence
Sometimes cells stop dividing and go into a resting state. These “sleeping” cells can be harmful if they accumulate in the body.
9. Stem Cell Exhaustion
Stem cells are like a reserve army that can replace damaged cells. Over time, this army can dwindle, limiting the body’s ability to repair itself.
10. Altered Intercellular Communication
Cells communicate with each other to keep the body healthy. Over time, this communication can become disrupted, leading to problems.
11. Chronic Inflammation
With age, the body can become chronically inflamed. This can lead to a range of health issues.
12. Dysbiosis
This is an imbalance of bacteria in our gut. These bacteria are important for our health, and an imbalance can cause problems.
Slowing Down the Aging Process?
By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, we can counteract the visible signs of aging. One method is intermittent fasting, which can help reduce so-called zombie cells, as the body gets time for autophagy during the fasting phase. Additionally, supplements like Cell Primer, vegan collagen, and NMN can support us in positively influencing the aging process.
Conclusion
These points are all different aspects of what happens as we age. Researchers are trying to better understand these processes to gradually reverse or at least slow them down with the help of longevity supplements.